Paternal Ancestry of ?Margaretta Prichard (est 1650 –?1728)
19th Generation back from ?Margaretta Prichard
HUGH
VAUGHAN Line
376,832.CYNFYN
ap GWERYSTAN (est b.1000 - ?) |
He is known only as the father of BLEDDYN
ap CYNFYN and as the second husband of his wife. It is through his wife that our
HUGH VAUGHAN line goes to the princes HYWEL DDA and RHODRI MAWR. His claimed
father GWERYSTAN is disputed, and we have not listed him.
376,833.ANGHARAD. f. MAREDUDD ab OWAIN (est b. 990 - ?) |
She was the great-granddaughter of HYWEL
DDA. Her ancestry back to RHODRI MAWR is well accepted, and is given by most
historians including J.E. Lloyd History of Carms (I, App.A) and John Davies
(pp.82-83). Stewart Baldwin’s online Ancestry Chart of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth
lists the original sources for her line and her marriage to CYNFYN ap GWERYSTAN.
This was her second marriage. For her interesting life, see the
HISTORICAL
NARRATIVE Welsh Princes 1.
376,840.LLES
ab IDNERTH BENFRAS (est b.1060 - ?) |
|
We know nothing of LLES except that
according to Bartrum (Idnerth Benfras 1) he had brothers Ames and Madog.
Branch of 389,248.RHYS
ap TEWDWR
389,248.RHYS
ap TEWDWR (est b.1040 - 1093) |
RHYS was a great-great-great-grandson of
HYWEL DDA, and is very well documented. He was recognized by the new Norman king
William the Conqueror as ruler of the Welsh (J. Davies p.105). RHYS is sometimes
said to have married Gwladus, a niece of BLEDDYN ap CYNFYN, but this marriage is
contested, and we have to consider it unsupported.
Branch
of 389,250.GRUFFUDD ap CYNAN
389,250.GRUFFUDD ap CYNAN (est b.1055 - 1137) |
GRUFFUDD is documented in Ireland,
where he apparently was born to a Dublin princess of Viking and Irish royalty, and in
Wales, where he returned, lived, eventually died in 1137, and was buried in
Bangor Cathedral. His Latin-language biography written only twenty years after
his death, gives an unusual wealth of information about him. Bartrum says that
this Latin biography is generally known as Hanes Gruffudd ap Cynan, and was
published in 1910 as The History of Gruffydd ap Cynan, but the actual title of
the work is Historia hen Gruffud vab Kenan vab Yago. The oldest surviving
manuscript, Peniarth MS17, is probably the ultimate source of the other versions
(Bartrum, Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts, p.37). For GRUFFUDD’S interesting
activities see the
HISTORICAL NARRATIVE Welsh Princes 2. He carries our only
line through the Gwynedd dynasty, so we used his name to label this branch of
the LEWIS line as Branch of 389,250.GRUFFUDD ap CYNAN.
389,251.ANGHARAD f. OWAIN ab EDWIN (est b.1070 - 1162) |
This ANGHARAD was the daughter of OWAIN ab
EDWIN (d.1105), the ruler of Tegeingl (Flintshire). This connection could be
interesting, but we have not studied it.
Branch of 12,164.MAREDUDD
389,256.OWAIN
WAN (the weak) (est b.1070 - 1116) |
OWAIN, the son of CARADOG, is not well
known, but was sufficiently documented to be established as the ancestor of the
later Welsh lords of Caerleon (DWB “Morgan ap Hywel,” Bradney, Vol.III, p.187).
Branch of 383.ELIZABETH VAUGHAN
392,192.MOREIDDIG WARWYN ap DRYMBENOG (est b.1100 - ?) |
The legend of MOREIDDIG being born with a
snake around his neck and the use of the snake emblematically as identification
of the ROGER VAUGHAN family, is told in the
HISTORICAL
NARRATIVE Gentry 2. The name of MOREIDDIG’s wife is not given in the
VAUGHAN pedigree (Drymbenog 1).
20th Generation back from ?Margaretta Prichard
HUGH VAUGHAN Line
753,666.MAREDUDD ab OWAIN ap HYWEL DDA (est b.950
- d.999) |
At this point, our
line from HUGH VAUGHAN’S family in Powys merges with a branch of our LEWIS line
in Deheubarth through our joint ancestor OWAIN, who was father of both this MARE
DUDD in the VAUGHAN line and of 3,113,984.EINION ab OWAIN in the LEWIS line. The
VAUGHAN line was shorter, so we are stopping that line here with MAREDUDD, and
we continue the LEWIS line to include the three other generations back to EINION
ab OWAIN.
753,680.IDNERTH BENFRAS (big-head) (est b.1130
- aft.1110) |
According to Bartrum, this patriarch was
living at Maesbrook in 1110, when he must have been quite elderly. He was the
patriarch of the family of the mother of EINION EFELL.
Branch of
389,248.RHYS
ap TEWDWR
778,496.TEWDWR
MAWR ap CADELL (est b.1000 - ?) |
TEWDWR was called TEWDWR MAWR (the Great)
because he was the father of RHYS ap TEWDWR of Deheubarth, but little is known
of him otherwise than as part of the ruling dynasty of Deheubarth in the line
back to EINION ap OWAIN. He is in all of the pedigrees, but without important
documentation.
Branch of
389,250.GRUFFUDD ap CYNAN
778,500.CYNAN
ab IAGO (est b.1030 - ?) |
|
In 1039 CYNAN’S father IAGO was overthrown
as ruler of Gwynedd by Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, and the boy CYNAN fled to Ireland,
where he eventually married into Norse and Irish royalty. His death is not
documented, but he died as an adult, likely in battle in Wales around 1063 (J.
Davies p.101).
No Line was Indicated
778,501.RADNAILLT of Dublin (est b.1030 - ?) |
In Ireland, CYNAN married the daughter of
Óláfr, the Norse heir to the kingdom of Dublin. RADNAILLT was thus a princess of
Viking blood from her father’s line known for at least six generations, and she
was an Irish princess from her mother who descended from the kings of Leinster,
and from her Viking grandfather’s wife SLANI, who was daughter of the Irish hero
and High King BRIAN BORUMA. For this interesting line, we depend upon Stewart
Baldwin’s online Llywelyn ap Iowerth AncestryTable at
http://www.rootsweb.com/~medieval/llywelyn.htm. See his site for the numerous specialized references we omitted here. Baldwin
also summarizes the reasons for accepting this parentage (see his 17.Radnaillt).
For RADNAILLT’s line we follow the Irish form of names used in the original
early sources, as given by Baldwin.
778,502.OWAIN
ab EDWIN (est b.1040 - 1104) |
OWAIN ab EDWIN was the ruler of Tegeingl
near the Cheshire border, and he had to tread a careful path between the Normans
and the Welsh princes to maintain control of his lands, as given in the
HISTORICAL NARRATIVE Welsh Princes 2.
Branch of 12,164.MAREDUDD
778,512.CARADOG ap GRUFFUDD of Gwent (est b.1030 - 1081) |
CARADOG, the son of GRUFFUDD ap RHYDDERCH,
belonged to the family of unknown origin that appeared in the 11th
century and gained power in the region that later became Monmouthshire. He was
killed by 389,248.RHYS ap TEWDWR in the battle of Mynydd Carn in 1081. The
family lost power under the Normans and eventually became the Lords of Caerleon
and gentry in the line of JANE LEWIS (see
HISTORICAL NARRATIVE Welsh Princes 1-2
and
Gentry 2).
21st
Generation back from ?Margaretta Prichard
Branch of 389,248.RHYS
ap TEWDWR
1,556,992.CADELL ab EINION (est b.970 - ?) |
This number is for CADELL in the LEWIS
line, and he does not appear in the HUGH VAUGHAN line. These decades are thinly
documented, and it is not known when CADELL died. His wife is sometimes given as
Elinor f. Gwerystan, but this attribution is contested.
Branch of 389,250.GRUFFUDD ap CYNAN
1,557,000.IAGO
ab IDWAL of Gwynedd (est b.990 - 1039) |
IAGO’s father IDWAL ruled in Gwynedd, but
after he died in 996 subsequent events are not well recorded, though IAGO twice
ruled for short periods before he was overthrown and executed by Gruffudd ap
Llywelyn in 1039 (J. Davies p.100).
Viking Line
1,557,002.
AMLAIB mac SITRIC (d.1034) |
|
He was the royal
heir of Dublin, and his Old Norse name was Óláfr. Baldwin says that he gives the
names of the Norse kings of Dublin and York in their Irish forms, which is how
they appear in most of the contemporary or near contemporary sources that
mention them. He also gives the corresponding Old
Norse forms based on twelfth and thirteenth century
Icelandic sources, which we follow here.
Line of MÁELCORCRE
1,557,003. MÁELCORCRE ingen DÚNLAING |
|
This mother of 778,501.RADNAILLT descended
from many kings of Leinster in her very long paternal line that goes back
sixteen generations earlier than RADNAILLT, the sixteenth generation being
called by Baldwin “the point at which the genealogy becomes clearly historical.”
Her line joins with a great-grandmother’s line, so we labeled all of the Irish
lines for these wives. GRUFFUDD ap CYNAN’s biography gives her as “Vaylcorcre
verch Dunlug/Dimlwg,” and then refers to her daughter as ‘”Ragnell” (Bartrum,
Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts, p.37).
Branch of
12,164.MAREDUDD
1,557,024.GRUFFUDD ap RHYDDERCH (est b.1000 - 1055) |
After the death of RHYDDERCH ap IESTYN in
1033, his son GRUFFUDD is documented as resisting the Danes and attacking the
English border. In 1055 he was defeated and killed by Gruffudd ap Llywelyn (see
375,233.ANGHARAD and the
HISTORICAL NARRATIVE Welsh Princes 1-2). After the
latter’s death in 1063 GRUFFUDD’S line reappeared (Maund p.64, J.Davies p.100).
22nd Generation back from ?Margaretta Prichard
Branch of 389,248.RHYS
ap TEWDWR
3,113,984.EINION ab OWAIN (est b.940 - 984) |
This number is for EINION ab OWAIN in our
LEWIS line, where two of our three lines to the Welsh princes merge into one
line to OWAIN, the father of EINION and MAREDUDD. The number for EINION’s
brother MAREDUDD in our VAUGHAN line (with fewer generations) was 753,666.
Branch of 389,250.GRUFFUDD ap CYNAN
3,114,000.IDWAL ap MEURIG (est b.960
- 996) |
Part of the established
line from ANARAWD, IDWAL fought in the internecine battles between Gwynedd and
Deheubarth but died young after his main success against MAREDUDD ab OWAIN. See
the
HISTORICAL NARRATIVE Welsh Princes 1.
Viking Line
3,114,004.SITRIC mac AMLAIB
(d.1042) |
|
He was the King of Dublin but was deposed
in 1036. His Old Norse name was SIGTRYGGR SILKISEGGI.
Line of BRIAN BORUMA
3,114,005.SLANI ingen BRIAIN |
|
SLANI was the daughter of
BRIAN BORUMA, so RADNAILLT’s grandparents (and her paternal great-grandparents
as will be seen) were mixed Norse and Irish. Though it is surprising that
BRIAN’s daughter married a Viking, it is known that he formed alliances with
Norsemen in his battles against rival Irish kings.
Line of MÁELCORCRE
3,114.006.
DÚNLAING mac TUATHAIL
(d.1014) |
|
He was king of Leinster. His wife is
apparently unknown.
Branch of 12,164.MAREDUDD
3,114,048.RHYDDERCH ab IESTYN (est b.970 - 1033) |
|
RHYDDERCH ab IESTYN seized power over
Deheubarth, but died in 1033 (Maund pp.61-2, J.Davies p.99). His ancestry is
unknown, but his sons and grandsons periodically gained power and his later
descendants continued as local lords and gentry in and after the Norman period.
23rd Generation back from ?Margaretta Prichard
Branch of 389,248.RHYS
ap TEWDWR and Line of HUGH VAUGHAN
6,227,968.OWAIN ap HYWEL DDA (est b.910 - d.988) |
This prince OWAIN appears in
our lines from both HUGH VAUGHAN and JANE LEWIS, and his number for the shorter
VAUGHAN line is 1,507,332. See the HISTORICAL NARRATIVE Welsh Princes 1 for his
long reign with his two sons’ support.
Branch of 389,250.GRUFFUDD ap CYNAN
6,228,000.MEURIG ab IDWAL FOEL (est b.930
- d.986) |
This line from ANARAWD ap
RHODRI is well established, and MEURIG was one of four sons who fought to keep
Gwynedd from being taken over by the Deheubarth dynasty of OWAIN’S sons (J.
Davies pp.82-83).
Viking Line
6,228,008.
AMLAIB CUARAN (d.981) |
|
He was the king of Dublin and York, and his
Old Norse name was
Óláfr Kváran.
Line of GORMLAITH
6,228,009.GORMLAITH ingen MURCHADA (d.1030) |
|
in addition
to being the wife of Amlaíb CUARAN she also married the king of Meath and king
of Ireland (d.1022), and BRIAN BORUMA, according to the early sources Baldwin
gives. This line of GORMLAITH eventually merged with the
line of MAELCORCRE, both including kings of Leinster.
Line of BRIAN BORUMA
6,228,010. BRIAN BÓRUMA mac CENNÉTIG
(d.1014) |
|
He was king of Munster and a
high king of Ireland. He was killed on 23 April
1014 after his forces had been victorious at the Battle of Clontarf. He had four
wives, but no known source indicates which was the ancestor of RADNAILLT,
according to Baldwin.
Line of MAELCORCRE
6,228,012.TUATHAL mac AUGAIRE (d.958) |
|
He was king of Leinster.
Baldwin calls him the ancestor of the
family of UaTuathail, i.e. O’Toole.
24th Generation back from ?Margaretta Prichard
Branch of 389,248.RHYS
ap TEWDWR and
Line of HUGH VAUGHAN
12,455,936.HYWEL DDA ap CADELL (est b.880 - d.950) |
This is the number for the place of HYWEL
DDA (HYWEL the Good) in the LEWIS line through EINION ab OWAIN. The shorter line
of 46.HUGH VAUGHAN through the princes of Powys has number 3,014,664 for HYWEL.
See
HISTORICAL NARRATIVE Welsh Princes 1
for this important Welsh king.
12,455,937.ELEN f. LLYWARCH (est b.890 - d. 929) |
|
ELEN was the
daughter of the last king of the royal line of Dyfed (approximately modern
Pembrokeshire), who had died in 904. She descended from a tribe that had
migrated to Dyfed from Ireland as early as the 4th century. See her ancestor
398,589,988.MAREDUDD ap TEWDWS below.
Line of 389,250.GRUFFUDD ap CYNAN
12,456,000.IDWAL FOEL ab ANARAWD (est b.890
- 942) |
IDWAL FOEL (the bald) was documented as
offering submission to Alfred’s son Edward the Elder in 918, but he later
revolted against the English and was killed in 942 (J.Davies p.94).
Viking Line
12,456,016.SITRIC ua ÍMAIR
(d.927) |
|
He was king of
Dublin and York, and his Old Norse name was SIGTRYGGR.
His wife is unknown. Baldwin notes that SITRIC married a sister of Æthelstan of
England in 926, but it is not chronologically feasible
for her to be the mother of AMLAIB CUARAN.
Line of GORMLAITH
12,456,018.MURCHAD mac FINN
(d. 972) |
|
He was king of Leinster.
Line of BRIAN BORUMA
12,456,020. CENNÉTIG mac LORCAIN
(d.951) |
|
He was king of Thomond.
12,456,021.BE BIND ingen AURCHADA |
|
Line of MAELCORCRE
12,456,024.AUGAIRE mac AILELLA
(d. 917) |
|
He was king of Leinster. According to Baldwin,
he was killed in the Battle of Cennfuait
by 12,456,016.SITRIC ua IMAIR.
25th Generation back from ?Margaretta Prichard
Branch of 389,248.RHYS
ap TEWDWR and
HUGH VAUGHAN Line
24,911.872.CADELL ap RHODRI (est b.850 - d.910) |
This number is for the place of CADELL ap
RHODRI in the LEWIS line through EINION ap OWAIN, and the number for CADELL in
the shorter HUGH VAUGHAN line is 6,029,328.
24,911.874.LLYWARCH ap HYFAIDD ap BLEDRI (est b.860
- 904) |
He was the last of the old royal line of
Dyfed (Pembrokeshire), and after his death CADELL ap RHODRI took over the Dyfed
kingdom (Maund p.43, J. Davies p.95). One result may have been his daughter
ELEN’s marriage to CADELL’s son HYWEL DDA, as control over a royal daughter’s
hand and genes was usually a prerogative of the victor in battle.
Branch of 389,250.GRUFFUDD ap
CYNAN
24,912,000.ANARAWD ap RHODRI (est b.850
-
916) |
When ANARAWD died in 916, the Welsh
Chronicles commemorated him as King of the Britons. See the
HISTORICAL NARRATIVE
Welsh Princes 1
for his relations with the English king Alfred.
Viking Line
24,912,032.NN mac ÍMAIR (first name unknown) |
|
Baldwin notes that 12,456,016.SITRIC is
called a grandson of 49,224,112.ÍMAR (ua ÍMAIR) in the Irish annals, but no
satisfactory evidence has been advanced regarding the name of the intervening
generation before SITRIC ua ÍMAIR.
Line of GORMLAITH
24,912,036.FINN mac MÁEL MÓRDA
(d. 923) |
|
Baldwin says he was called
rígdamna of Leinster,
but notes that disagreement exists about the exact meaning of the term
rígdamna. "Prince" and "royal heir" are two possible
translations that have been suggested.
Line of BRIAN BORUMA
24,912,040.LORCAN mac
LACHTNAI |
|
24,912,042.AURCHAD mac MURCHADA
(d.945) |
|
He was the king of (West)
Connacht and the maternal grandfather of BRIAN BORUMA. His wife is currently
uncertain, but see Baldwin’s note about possible future progress on the maternal
line of BE BIND ingen AURCHADA.
Line of MAELCORCRE
24,912,048.AILILL mac DÚNLAING
(d.871) |
|
He was again a king of Leinster in this line.
26th Generation back from ?Margaretta Prichard
No Line was Indicated
49,823,744.RHODRI MAWR (RHODRI the GREAT) (est b.820 - d.878)
This number is for the place of RHODRI
MAWR in the LEWIS line through EINION ab OWAIN, and the LEWIS line through
ANARAWD ap RHODRI gives the number 49,824,000 (the two LEWIS lines have the same
number of generations). In the HUGH VAUGHAN line, which is shorter, the number is 12,058,656. We are not certain about the wives or
mistresses who produced RHODRI’s sons, so we have not given the names put forth
as possible mothers.
No Line was Indicated
49,823,748.HYFAIDD ap BLEDRI of Dyfed (est b.830
- d.893)
He was the grandfather of the wife of
HYWEL DDA, and is documented for his efforts to keep the kingdom of Dyfed from
RHODRI MAWR’s sons. He sought the protection of the English king Alfred, but was
unsuccessful and Alfred allied with ANARAWD ap RHODRI (Maund p.43, J. Davies
p.95). HYFAIDD’S long ancestry through his mother TANGWYSTL goes to the Dyfed
royal dynasty originating in an Irish tribe, the Deisi, which immigrated to
southern Wales in the 4th century.
Viking Line
49,824,064. ÍMAR (d.873) |
|
His Old Norse name was
IVARR, and Baldwin notes that he was the historical prototype of Ivar the
Boneless of the Icelandic sagas, which, however, cannot be trusted to give
any historical information about him. The only certain information about him is
given in the Irish annals during the period 856-873. He was king of Dublin, but
his possible position as king of York, though reasonably likely, is disputed by
some. Other Viking kings may have preceded him, but Baldwin says the “historically
documented genealogy ends with IMAR.”
Line of
GORMLAITH
49,824,072. MÁEL MÓRDA mac MUIRECÁIN
(d.917) |
|
He was king of Airthir
Liphi, and Baldwin says that he was killed in the Battle of Cennfuait by the
Viking 12,456,016.SITRIC ua IMAIR.
Line of BRIAN BORUMA
49,824,080.LACHTNAE mac CUIRCC |
|
This is the paternal line of BRIAN BORUMA, whose
daughter SLANI was the grandmother of RADNAILLT.
49,824,084.MURCHAD mac MÁENAIG
(d.896) |
|
He was king of (West) Connacht.
Baldwin notes that MURCHAD’s pedigree does not appear in the two earliest texts,
but he believes there is no good reason to doubt its accuracy at least back to
CENN Fáelad mac COLGAN, king of Connacht in the seventh century. It is the
paternal line of BRIAN BORUMA’S mother BE BIND.
Line of
MAELCORCRE
49,824,096. DÚNLAING mac MUIREDAIG
(d.869) |
|
He was king of Leinster in the long line of
MAELCORCRE, RADNAILLT’s Irish mother.
27th Generation back from ?Margaretta Prichard
No Line was Indicated
99,647,488.MERFYN FRYCH ap GWRIAD of Gwynedd (est b.790 - d.844)
Contemporary
records show that MERFYN FRYCH appeared in 825, but his origins remain obscure.
He may have obtained the throne of Gwynedd through his father’s marriage to
ESYLLT, the daughter of the previous king, who died in 816. Certain historians
accept such a claim, though Maund points out that it may have been made by
descendants to legitimize a hold on a kingdom that was actually obtained by
force (p.38).
No Line was Indicated
99,647,496.BLEDRI of the Dyfed dynasty (est b.800 - ?)
BLEDRI married TANGWYSTL, the
daughter of the king of Dyfed, and their son HYFAIDD inherited the kingship.
BLEDRI’s ancestry is not known, and he may have been a free commoner. His son
is listed in the Welsh triads as one of three kings who were sprung from
villeins, and no patronym is known for him, according to Baldwin.
No Line was Indicated
99,647,497.TANGWYSTL f. OWAIN of Dyfed (est b.800 - ?)
TANGWYSTL was the only recorded
child of OWAIN, the king of Dyfed, and her son HYFAIDD became king (Bartrum,
Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts, pp.4,9-10).
Line of GORMLAITH
99,648,144.
MUIRECÁN mac DIARMATA (d.863) |
|
He was king of Leinster.
Paternal Line of BRIAN BORUMA
99,648,160.CORCC mac ANLUAIN |
|
Maternal Line of BRIAN BORUMA
99,648,168.MÁENACH mac FLAITHNIA |
|
Line of MAELCORCRE
99,648,192.MUIREDACH mac BRAIN (d.818) |
|
He was called leth-ri or half-king of Leinster.
99,648,193.ETROMMA ingen INDELLAIG |
|
28th Generation back from ?Margaretta Prichard
No Line was Indicated
199,294,976.GWRIAD (est b.760 - ?)
Little is known of GWRIAD, and his
ancestry given in 12th century Welsh pedigrees back to a legendary 6th
century figure from north Britain, Llywarch Hen, is considered a late
fabrication (Bartrum, Tracts, pp.36,46,96, Maund p.38). Baldwin cites the belief
that he was ”probably from the Isle of Man, and possibly the person named in an
inscription (CRUX GURIAT) on a cross in the Isle of Man which has been dated to
the 8th or 9th century.“
No Line was Indicated
199,294,977.ESYLLT f. CYNAN DINDAETHWY of Gwynedd (est b.770 - ?)
Early though not contemporary pedigrees
claim that ESYLLT linked GWRIAD to the previous dynasty. One source (10th
century, composed in Deheubarth) names ESYLLT as MERFYN’s mother, and another
(12th century, composed in Gwynedd) names her as his wife (Bartrum,
Tracts, pp.9,36). The earlier source, making ESYLLT his mother, is considered
the better according to Baldwin, though Maund points out that both claims may
have been made by his descendants to legitimize his hold on Gwynedd, and ”must
at best be regarded as tradition, and may be simple fiction” (p.38).
No Line was Indicated
199,294,994.OWAIN ap MAREDUDD (est b.770 - d.811) |
|
OWAIN was the king of Dyfed and died in 811, according to the
Annales Cambriae. Apparently his only recorded child was his daughter
TANGWYSTL, who then brought the crown to her husband BLEDRI.
Line of GORMLAITH
199,296,288.DIARMAIT mac RUADRACH (d.832) |
|
He was king of Airthir Liphi. This
line from GORMLAITH continues for two generations to MURCHAD mac BRAIN MUIT,
king of Leinster who died in 727. He was also the ancestor of MAELCORCRE, mother
of RADNAILLT, so the two lines merge with MURCHAD and his wife as the common
ancestors and the merged line continues for at least three generations of kings
of Leinster (see below 199,296,384.BRAN ARDCHEN in the MAELCORCRE line). We are
stopping the Irish lines in this generation, but on Baldwin’s website they merge
and continue into at least the 7th century.
Paternal Line of BRIAN BORUMA
199,296,320.ANLUAN mac MATHGAMNA |
|
This paternal line of BRIAN BORUMA has a
total of eight generations and ends in the 8th century with
TOIRRDELBACH, who gave his name to the branch of his sept, according to Baldwin.
Maternal Line of
BRIAN BORUMA
199,296,336.FLATHNIA mac FIANGALAID |
|
As was said above with FLATHNIA’S
grandson 49,824,084.MURCHAD,
this paternal line of BE BIND, mother of BRIAN BORUMA, continues to the early
king of Connaucht, CENN FAELAD, d. 682, whom Baldwin accepts as reliably
historical. If so accepted, this Irish line into the 7th century
becomes one of our earliest, as our Welsh lines are considered by many
historians acceptable only to the 8th century. We are stopping the
Irish lines here, but on Baldwin’s website this pedigree continues for four
generations to reach CENN FAELAD.
Line of
MAELCORCRE
199,296,384.BRAN ARDCHENN mac MUIREDAIG (d.795) |
|
He was king of Leinster, and this
line from MAELCORCRE continues for two more generations to merge with the line
of GORMLAITH, as just said above with 199,296,288.DIARMAIT
mac RUADRACH. Then the merged line continues back for three more generations
(most being listed for kings of Leinster) to reach FAELAN mac COLMAIN, king of
Leinster who died in 666. Like the line of BE BIND’S father to the 7th
century, as summarized above where we stopped it at 199,296,336.FLATHNIA, this
line also is accepted by Baldwin into the 7th century. We have not
studied Irish genealogy and cannot make an independent judgment but are happy to
conditionally accept both possible lines as our earliest.
Line of
MAELCORCRE
199,296,386.INDELLAC
mac MEIC [F]ORB[B]A |
|
This line is from ETROMMA, wife of
MUIREDACH, and she and her father are the only ones known.
Baldwin gives no information on this wife
of INDELLAC. For the remainder of all these Irish lines, see Baldwin’s website
and his sources cited there.
29th Generation back from ?Margaretta Prichard
No Line was Indicated
398,589,954.CYNAN DINDAETHWY ap RHODRI (est b.730? - d.816) |
CYNAN descended in the male line from
earlier rulers of Gwynedd, and before his death in 816 he struggled for control
of the kingdom against his brother Hywel, who died in 825 as the last known
member in the direct male line to hold Gwynedd, possibly under the overlordship
of Mercia (Maund, pp.37-38). Maund says that around this time the king of Mercia
ravaged Gwynedd, and events suggest that he was able to maintain an overlordship
in Gwynedd because local power had been weakened by the brothers’ conflict. It
was CYNAN’s daughter ESYLLT who provided the claimed link (either as his mother
or his wife) to legitimize the line of GRWIAD which continued with MERFYN FRYCH.
But earlier than CYNAN the pedigree of the kings of Gwynedd is not evenly
documented.
No Line was Indicated
398,589,988.MAREDUDD ap TEWDWS
(est. b.730 - d.796) |
MAREDUDD is
the earliest of the kings of Dyfed who is known from contemporary historical
records. Baldwin says that MAREDUDD’s
“obituary is
generally regarded as the earliest contemporary entry in the Annales Cambriae,
the earlier entries having been inserted in the annals at a later date.”
His royal ancestry back to the 4th century
chieftain EOCHAID of the Déisi appears in early though not purely historical
sources. The earliest part down to EOCHAID is from a 10th century
Welsh pedigree, and the remainder (from EOCHAID down to MAREDUDD’S father TEWDWS/TUALADOR)
appears in an Irish prose tale, The Expulsion of the Déisi, which
according to Maund was probably composed before the 9th century (Bartrum,
Tracts, pp.4,9, Maund, p.23). Maund also points out that the two sources
were composed independently, and that though pedigrees are not the most reliable
of sources in the absence of dates, the weight of evidence in the pedigrees
makes it likely that the first dynasty of Dyfed had an Irish origin, and
”other categories of evidence back this up.”
30th and Earlier Generations from the 8th
to 4th Centuries
Gwynedd
Before
CYNAN DINDAETHWY the pedigree of the early kings of Gwynedd is not easy to
follow, and we shall only briefly summarize the most important figures in this
early dynasty. The era following the demise of the Roman Empire was once mourned
as the “Dark Ages,” and though that term has been dropped, the period
remains transitional and is not well understood from the acceptable surviving
records, particularly in Wales according to John Davies (p.45). We can follow it
only in outline. The
three previous kings before CYNAN are little known, though the death of the
third, Cadwaladwr ap Cadwallon, was used in the Annales Cambriae to mark
the downfall of Brittonic hopes to govern all of Britain against the new
Anglo-Saxon power (J. Davies p.63). His father, Cadwallon ap Cadfan, king of
Gwynedd (d. 634), was the best documented of all the early rulers of Gwynedd,
according to Maund, as “his deeds are recorded by Bede and remembered in
native Welsh tradition” (p.30). The statement in the 12th century
by Geoffrey of Monmouth (Historia Regum Brittaniae XII.14) that Cadwallon
married a sister of Penda, king of Mercia, is not generally accepted, but it is
known that he and Penda were allies in the struggle against Northumbria in
632-3. Cadwallon killed Edwin of Northumbria and two of his successors before
being killed himself in 634. A century later the history by the Venerable Bede
condemned the Christian Cadwallon for violating his standards by his alliance
with the pagan Penda, and Bede attributed the king’s sufferings at the hands of
the Saxons to divine punishment (Maund p.31).
Cadwallon’s
father (Cadfan ab Iago) was also a renowned king in the early 600’s, and his
still-standing tombstone at Llangadwaladr in Anglesey gives his Latin name in
the inscription of tribute Catamanus rex sapientissimus opinatissimus
omnium regum (King Catamanus the wisest and most renowned of all kings).
Cadfan’s wife’s identity is contested, but his father Iago ap Beli (d.ca 616) is
documented in the Annales Cambriae for his death in the battle of Chester
against the pagan Northumbrians. Maund says that the “phrasing of the
obituary notice for Iago hints that he may have been in religious orders,
and Bede recorded that monks from the Welsh monastery of Bangor-on-Dee
were present at the battle” (p. 29).
Perhaps
the most popular of these early royal figures of Gwynedd (even though his
claimed pedigree links to the later kings have little or no historical
documentation) was Maelgwn Gwynedd (also called Maelgwn Fawr (the Great).
He was listed in the pedigree as having had three wives before his death
(probably in 547-9 and perhaps from the plague). He was also known by his Latin
name as King Magloclonus, one of five kings who were named and described
as contemporary by Gildas. Maund describes him at some length: “Gildas’s
depiction of him suggests a man of practical action and ruthless disposition,
who made himself king by overthrowing his uncle, and showed himself as
liberal to his followers as he was callous to his enemies. He was an educated
man – Gildas writes of his monastic training and background – but he turned away
from monastic life in order to pursue his kingship. The tone in which Gildas
wrote is one of regret: his picture of Maelgwn suggests a man of great ability
but few scruples” (p.22). Regardless of his faults, Maelgwn was claimed as
ancestor by almost all later kings and princes of Gwynedd.
With
Maelgwn’s listed ancestor four generations back, Cunedda Wledig, we are probably
entering mythology, as he figures in the “foundation legend” of Gwynedd,
i.e. the fable or belief about the ancient origins of a dynasty. Maund remarks
that there is no consensus of opinion on his historical existence, and
summarizes the bare minimum we can believe, “What can be said is that the
ninth century account of Historia Britonnum, of a north British migration at
aristocratic level into Gwynedd in the fifth century, may be supported to a
degree from archaeological evidence, and that from the early ninth century at
least the name of Cunedda became attached to this migration” (p.28).
Dyfed
The
early dynasty in Dyfed (i.e. roughly modern Pembrokeshire) has considerable
documentation in the Irish migration of the Déisi tribe from the early chieftain
Eochaid down to MAREDUDD’s father TEWDWS/TUALADOR. After EOCHAID the first two
generations listed in the pedigree are known only as patronyms, but subsequently
they are listed as kings of Dyfed, though little is known about most of their
reigns.
Probably the most well known ruler, living about 540 A.D., was named as Vortepor,
tyrant of the Demetae by Gildas, but he was given more favorable notice in
the Latin inscription on his still existing monumental stone near Carmarthen.
Translated, it reads To the memory of Vortepor the protector, and
another inscription on the same stone names him as Votecorigas, which is
an Irish form of Vortepor reflecting the Irish origin of the Dyfed dynasty (Maund,
pp.20, 24; J. Davies, p.52). This Vortepor is called Gwerthefyr in modern
Welsh. The early ruler of the Déisi tribe Eochaid Allmuir is estimated by
Bartrum to have been born about 340 A.D. (pedigree 20), and the tribal migration
to Wales occurred in that century. Thus, the dynasty of Dyfed apparently lasted
from the 4th century down to the marriage of our 12,455,937.ELEN to HYWEL DDA
when he took over Dyfed in the 10th century.
This final summary
of the 30th and earlier generations includes interesting rulers known
historically at least slightly in Gwynedd and Dyfed in north and south Wales
respectively. With it we complete our Ancestry Chart of ?MARGARETTA
PRICHARD from the 17th century back to the 8th century.
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